Index

A B C D E F G I L M N O P Q R S T U V 
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A

a - Variable in class Struct.Pair
The value stored as the first element.
a - Variable in class Struct.Quad
The value stored as the first element.
a - Variable in class Struct.Single
The value stored in this Single container.
a - Variable in class Struct.Triple
The value stored as the first element.
accumulateInOrder(R, Function<BSTNode<T>, R>, BiFunction<R, R, R>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Aggregates results across the BST nodes using an inorder traversal.
accumulatePostOrder(R, Function<BSTNode<T>, R>, BiFunction<R, R, R>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Aggregates results across the BST nodes using a postorder traversal.
accumulatePreOrder(R, Function<BSTNode<T>, R>, BiFunction<R, R, R>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Aggregates results across the BST nodes using a preorder traversal.
add(BSTNode<T>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Adds a node to the correct position in the subtree.
Algo - Class in Util
Provides static methods for efficient algorithmic operations like binary search and ternary search on arrays and lists.
Algo() - Constructor for class Util.Algo
 

B

b - Variable in class Struct.Pair
The value stored as the second element.
b - Variable in class Struct.Quad
The value stored as the second element.
b - Variable in class Struct.Triple
The value stored as the second element.
backwardString() - Method in class Struct.ListNode
Creates a string representation of all values from this node backwards until the list start.
box(boolean[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Converts an array of primitive booleans to an array of Boolean objects.
box(char[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Converts an array of primitive chars to an array of Character objects.
box(double[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Converts an array of primitive doubles to an array of Double objects.
box(int[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Converts an array of primitive ints to an array of Integer objects.
box(long[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Converts an array of primitive longs to an array of Long objects.
BSTNode<T> - Class in Struct
Represents a node in a binary search tree (BST) for elements of a comparable type.
BSTNode(T) - Constructor for class Struct.BSTNode
Initializes a BST node with the specified value.

C

c - Variable in class Struct.Quad
The value stored as the third element.
c - Variable in class Struct.Triple
The value stored as the third element.
Calc - Class in Util
The Calc class provides a series of static methods for performing various mathematical computations like modular inverses, exponentiation, factorial, combinations, greatest common divisor (GCD), least common multiple (LCM), and Euler's Totient function.
Calc() - Constructor for class Util.Calc
 
choose(int, int) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes n choose k (combinatorics: combinations of n items taken k at a time).
choose(int, int, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes n choose k under a specific modulus.
connected(int, int) - Method in class Struct.DSU
Checks if the elements 'x' and 'y' are in the same set.
Constants - Class in Util
Constants provides a central location to keep commonly used constants and configurations in competitive programming.
Constants() - Constructor for class Util.Constants
 
contains(CharSequence) - Method in class Struct.Trie
Checks if a word is in the Trie.
convexMax(double, double, Function<Double, U>, boolean) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a ternary search on a double range to find a local maximum point in a convex or unimodal function.
convexMax(int, int, Function<Integer, U>) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a ternary search on an integer range to find a local maximum point in a convex or unimodal function.
convexMax(long, long, Function<Long, U>, long) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a ternary search on a long range to find a local maximum point in a convex or unimodal function.
convexMin(double, double, Function<Double, U>, boolean) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a ternary search on a double range to find a local minimum point in a convex or unimodal function.
convexMin(int, int, Function<Integer, U>) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a ternary search on an integer range to find a local minimum point in a convex or unimodal function.
convexMin(long, long, Function<Long, U>, long) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a ternary search on a long range to find a local minimum point in a convex or unimodal function.

D

d - Variable in class Struct.Quad
The value stored as the fourth element.
Data - Class in Util
Provides utility methods for data manipulation, including finding minimum and maximum values, calculating prefix and suffix sums, and performing binary search operations on arrays and lists.
Data() - Constructor for class Util.Data
 
debug - Static variable in class Util.Constants
A debug flag that checks whether the application is running in a competitive programming environment (like Codeforces or AtCoder).
dir2 - Static variable in class Util.Constants
A two-dimensional array representing the four orthogonal directions on a two-dimensional grid.
dir3 - Static variable in class Util.Constants
A three-dimensional array representing the six principal direction vectors in a three-dimensional space.
DSU - Class in Struct
Represents a Disjoint Set Union (DSU) also known as Union-Find data structure.
DSU(int) - Constructor for class Struct.DSU
Initializes the DSU with n elements, each element is its own set initially.

E

executeInOrder(Consumer<BSTNode<T>>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Executes a consumer function on each node in the BST following an inorder traversal.
executePostOrder(Consumer<BSTNode<T>>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Executes a consumer function on each node in the BST following a postorder traversal.
executePreOrder(Consumer<BSTNode<T>>) - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Executes a consumer function on each node in the BST following a preorder traversal.
exp(long, long, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Performs modular exponentiation efficiently using the right-to-left binary method.

F

fact(int) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the factorial of a number This version does not utilize modulus.
fact(int, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the factorial of n using the given modulus.
factorials(int) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Returns an array of computed factorial values up to the provided maximum.
factorials(int, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Returns an array of computer factorial values up to the provided maximum using the given modulus.
find(int) - Method in class Struct.DSU
Finds the representative of the set that x is a part of.
flush() - Static method in class Util.Out
Flushes the PrintWriter, ensuring all output is written out immediately.
forwardString() - Method in class Struct.ListNode
Creates a string representation of all values from this node forwards until the list end.
forwardString(String, String, String) - Method in class Struct.ListNode
Generates a string from this node values moving forward, formatted with specified delimiters.
fullyConnected() - Method in class Struct.DSU
Checks if all elements are part of a single set.

G

gcd(int, int) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two integers using the Euclidean algorithm.
gcd(long, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two long integers using the Euclidean algorithm.
getDelimiter() - Static method in class Util.In
Gets the current delimiter string used to parse tokens.
getDelimiter() - Static method in class Util.Out
Gets the current delimiter used in output methods that handle iterables and arrays.
getError() - Static method in class Util.Algo
Retrieves the current error tolerance for calculations involving double precision.
getMax(double[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the maximum value from a double array.
getMax(int[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the maximum value from an int array.
getMax(long[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the maximum value from a long array.
getMax(List<U>) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the maximum value from a list of comparable elements.
getMax(U[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the maximum value from an array of comparable elements.
getMin(double[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the minimum value from a double array.
getMin(int[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the minimum value from an int array.
getMin(long[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the minimum value from a long array.
getMin(List<U>) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the minimum value from a list of comparable elements.
getMin(U[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Returns the minimum value from an array of comparable elements.
getWriter() - Static method in class Util.Out
Retrieves the current writer object.

I

In - Class in Util
This class provides methods for input operations from various sources such as system input, files, and streams, and supports the parsing of primitive types and strings, including array and list formats.
In() - Constructor for class Util.In
 
insert(CharSequence) - Method in class Struct.Trie
Inserts a word into the Trie.
iterPrint(boolean[]) - Static method in class Util.Out
Iterative printing for boolean arrays, printing each element separated by the current delimiter (a space by default).
iterPrint(char[]) - Static method in class Util.Out
Iterative printing for char arrays, printing each element separated by the current delimiter (a space by default).
iterPrint(double[]) - Static method in class Util.Out
Iterative printing for double arrays, printing each element separated by the current delimiter (a space by default).
iterPrint(int[]) - Static method in class Util.Out
Iterative printing for integer arrays, printing each element separated by the current delimiter (a space by default).
iterPrint(long[]) - Static method in class Util.Out
Iterative printing for long arrays, printing each element separated by the current delimiter (a space by default).
iterPrint(Iterable<T>) - Static method in class Util.Out
Prints each element of the given iterable to the output, separated by the current delimiter.
iterPrint(T[]) - Static method in class Util.Out
Prints each element of an array to the output, separated by the current delimiter (a space by default).

L

lcm(long, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the least common multiple (LCM) of two long integers using the relation LCM(a, b) = (a * b) / GCD(a, b).
left - Variable in class Struct.BSTNode
This node's left child node, or null if not present.
ListNode<T> - Class in Struct
Represents a node in a doubly linked list, which can be navigated in both directions: forward and backward.
lowerBound(char[], char) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of characters that is not less than the target character.
lowerBound(char[], char) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of characters that is not less than the target character.
lowerBound(double[], double) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of doubles that is not less than the target double.
lowerBound(double[], double) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of doubles that is not less than the target double.
lowerBound(int[], int) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of integers that is not less than the target integer.
lowerBound(int[], int) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of integers that is not less than the target integer.
lowerBound(int, int, U, Function<Integer, U>) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a parameterized binary search to find the smallest index where the target is not greater, comparing using a provided function.
lowerBound(long[], long) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of longs that is not less than the target long.
lowerBound(long[], long) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array of longs that is not less than the target long.
lowerBound(long, long, U, Function<Long, U>, long) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a parameterized binary search using long indices to find the smallest index where the target is not greater, comparing using a provided function.
lowerBound(List<U>, U) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted list of comparable elements that is not less than the target value using a lower bound binary search algorithm.
lowerBound(List<U>, U) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted list of comparable elements that is not less than the target value using a lower bound binary search algorithm.
lowerBound(U[], U) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array that is not less than the target value using a lower bound binary search algorithm.
lowerBound(U[], U) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array that is not less than the target value using a lower bound binary search algorithm.

M

MOD - Static variable in class Util.Constants
The most common modulo value used in competitive programming.
MOD2 - Static variable in class Util.Constants
Alternative modulo constant used in competitive programming.
modInverse(long, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the modular multiplicative inverse of a value under a given modulo using the extended Euclidean algorithm.
modInverse2(long, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes the modular inverse using Fermat's Little Theorem, which requires the modulus to be prime.

N

next() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token from input.
nextBigInteger() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token and tries to parse it as a BigInteger.
nextBigIntegerArray(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns an array of BigInteger values.
nextBigIntegerList(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns a list of BigInteger values from the input.
nextBinaryString(char) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token and interprets it as a binary string where each 'truth' character (typically '1') is true.
nextBoolean() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token and tries to parse it as a boolean.
nextBooleanArray(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns an array of boolean values interpreted from the input.
nextBooleanList(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns a list of boolean values interpreted from the input.
nextDouble() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token and tries to parse it as a double.
nextDoubleArray(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns an array of double values from the input.
nextDoubleList(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns a list of double values from the input.
nextInt() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token and tries to parse it as an int.
nextIntArray(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns an array of integers from the input.
nextIntList(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns a list of integers from the input.
nextLine() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads until the end of the current line and returns all remaining tokens as a single string.
nextLong() - Static method in class Util.In
Reads the next token and tries to parse it as a long.
nextLongArray(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns an array of long integers from the input.
nextLongList(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns a list of long integers from the input.
nextStringArray(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns an array of strings from the input.
nextStringList(int) - Static method in class Util.In
Reads and returns a list of strings from the input.

O

Out - Class in Util
This class serves as a utility for output operations, allowing for redirection of output streams, file output, custom delimiters, and built-in support for printing various data types, including arrays and collections.
Out() - Constructor for class Util.Out
 

P

Pair<A,B> - Class in Struct
The Pair class stores two related objects of potentially different types.
Pair() - Constructor for class Struct.Pair
Constructs a default Pair with both elements initialized to null.
Pair(A, B) - Constructor for class Struct.Pair
Constructs a Pair with specified elements.
phi(long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Computes Euler's Totient function φ(n), which counts the number of integers up to n that are coprime to n.
populateFact(int) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Populates the array of internal factorial values without considering modulus.
populateFact(int, long) - Static method in class Util.Calc
Populates the internal array of factorial and inverse factorial values using a given modulus.
prefSum(double[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the prefix sum array for an array of doubles.
prefSum(int[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the prefix sum array for an array of integers.
prefSum(long[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the prefix sum array for an array of longs.
prefSum(BigInteger[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the prefix sum array for an array of BigIntegers.
print(Object) - Static method in class Util.Out
Prints an object to the output.
printf(String, Object...) - Static method in class Util.Out
Provides formatted printing using String.format(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object...) like syntax.
println() - Static method in class Util.Out
Outputs a new line character to the output stream.
println(Object) - Static method in class Util.Out
Prints an object to the output followed by a newline.

Q

Quad<A,B,C,D> - Class in Struct
The Quad class stores four related objects of potentially different types.
Quad() - Constructor for class Struct.Quad
Constructs a default Quad with all elements initialized to null.
Quad(A, B, C, D) - Constructor for class Struct.Quad
Constructs a Quad with specified elements.
query(int, int) - Method in class Struct.SegTree
Queries the aggregate value over a range [l, r].

R

right - Variable in class Struct.BSTNode
This node's right child node, or null if not present.

S

SegTree<T,R> - Class in Struct
A generic segment tree implementation that provides efficient range query and point update operations.
SegTree(List<T>, Function<T, R>, BiFunction<R, R, R>) - Constructor for class Struct.SegTree
Constructs a segment tree from a list.
SegTree(T[], Function<T, R>, BiFunction<R, R, R>) - Constructor for class Struct.SegTree
Constructs a segment tree from an array.
set(int, T) - Method in class Struct.SegTree
Updates the value at a specific index.
setDelimiter(String) - Static method in class Util.In
Sets a new delimiter for tokenizing input strings.
setDelimiter(String) - Static method in class Util.Out
Sets a new delimiter for output methods to use when handling iterables and arrays.
setError(double) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Sets a new error tolerance for calculations involving double precision.
setFileInput(String) - Static method in class Util.In
Sets the input source to a file via its filename.
setInput(InputStream) - Static method in class Util.In
Sets the input source to a specific InputStream.
setOutput(OutputStream) - Static method in class Util.Out
Sets the current output stream to a new OutputStream.
setOutputFile(String) - Static method in class Util.Out
Sets the output to a file with the specified filename.
setWriter(PrintWriter) - Static method in class Util.Out
Sets the PrintWriter to a specified writer, allowing redirection of the output.
Single<A> - Class in Struct
A Single is designed to hold an object of a generic type A.
Single() - Constructor for class Struct.Single
Constructs an empty Single instance with null as the value.
Single(A) - Constructor for class Struct.Single
Constructs a Single instance that wraps the provided object.
Struct - package Struct
The Struct package is a versatile collection of data structures designed for competitive programming.
suffixSum(double[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the suffix sum for an array of doubles.
suffixSum(int[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the suffix sum for an array of integers.
suffixSum(long[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the suffix sum for an array of longs.
suffixSum(BigInteger[]) - Static method in class Util.Data
Calculates the suffix sum for an array of BigIntegers.

T

toInorderList() - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Constructs a list of node values following inorder traversal of the BST.
toPostorderList() - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Constructs a list of node values following postorder traversal of the BST.
toPreorderList() - Method in class Struct.BSTNode
Constructs a list of node values following preorder traversal of the BST.
toString() - Method in class Struct.ListNode
Provides a string representation of this node showing connections to its previous and next node values.
toString() - Method in class Struct.Pair
Returns a string representation of this pair using default delimiters.
toString() - Method in class Struct.Quad
Returns a string representation using default delimiters.
toString() - Method in class Struct.Single
Returns a string representation of the wrapped object, surrounded by "<>".
toString() - Method in class Struct.Triple
Returns a string representation using default delimiters.
toString(String, String) - Method in class Struct.Single
Returns a string representation of the wrapped object, using custom specified prefix and suffix.
toString(String, String, String) - Method in class Struct.Pair
Returns a string representation of this pair using custom specified delimiters.
toString(String, String, String) - Method in class Struct.Quad
Returns a string representation using custom specified delimiters.
toString(String, String, String) - Method in class Struct.Triple
Returns a string representation using custom specified delimiters.
Trie - Class in Struct
A Trie (or Prefix Tree) data structure implementation that supports efficient insertion and search operations for strings.
Trie() - Constructor for class Struct.Trie
Constructs an empty Trie with default lowercase alphabet settings (a-z).
Trie(char[]) - Constructor for class Struct.Trie
Constructs a Trie specifying allowed characters.
Trie(List<Character>) - Constructor for class Struct.Trie
Constructs a Trie specifying allowed characters.
Triple<A,B,C> - Class in Struct
The Triple class stores three related objects of potentially different types.
Triple() - Constructor for class Struct.Triple
Constructs a default Triple with all elements initialized to null.
Triple(A, B, C) - Constructor for class Struct.Triple
Constructs a Triple with the specified elements.

U

union(int, int) - Method in class Struct.DSU
Unites the set that includes 'x' with the set that includes 'y'.
upperBound(char[], char) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of characters that is greater than the target character.
upperBound(char[], char) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of characters that is greater than the target character.
upperBound(double[], double) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of doubles that is greater than the target double.
upperBound(double[], double) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of doubles that is greater than the target double.
upperBound(int[], int) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of integers that is greater than the target integer.
upperBound(int[], int) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of integers that is greater than the target integer.
upperBound(int, int, U, Function<Integer, U>) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element greater than the target using a custom function mapping integers to comparable items.
upperBound(long[], long) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of longs that is greater than the target long.
upperBound(long[], long) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in the sorted array of longs that is greater than the target long.
upperBound(long, long, U, Function<Long, U>, long) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Performs a binary search to find the upper bound (index of first element greater than the target) in a wider range specified using long indices.
upperBound(List<U>, U) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted list that is greater than the target using an upper bound binary search algorithm.
upperBound(List<U>, U) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted list that is greater than the target using an upper bound binary search algorithm.
upperBound(U[], U) - Static method in class Util.Algo
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array that is greater than the target using an upper bound binary search algorithm.
upperBound(U[], U) - Static method in class Util.Data
Finds the index of the first element in a sorted array that is greater than the target using an upper bound binary search algorithm.
Util - package Util
The Util package offers specialized classes for algorithmic operations data manipulation, mathematical computations, and standardized input/output handling.

V

val - Variable in class Struct.BSTNode
This node's store value
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